Methodology

Every figure is dated and sourced

Each number on the site carries its value, unit, reference period, source and retrieval date. Population comes from Eurostat (1 January) and, for countries Eurostat does not cover, from the World Bank; the source is shown next to the figure.

Primary sources first

Official EU sources (europa.eu, EUR-Lex, Eurostat, ECB), then national official sources, then reputable media. A summary produced by an AI model is never treated as a source.

Ambiguous cases are flagged, not hidden

Transcontinental states, Kosovo, Northern Cyprus, overseas territories and candidate statuses are described with the positions of the institutions concerned.